Essay --

A. Interview in a Hospitality Consultancy Business in London 1. Definition of the Term Hospitality Hospitality can be defined as the relationship process between a guest and a host. It may involve services in restaurants, hotels, resorts, clubs or other services that deals with tourists (Barrows & Bosselman, 1999). 2. Hospitality Industry Contribution in UK’s GDP The hospitality industry contributes 6.7% of total GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in the UK (United Kingdom) (Staywyse, 2012). 3. Difference between the Products and Services Offered in a 4* Hotel and in Bed and Breakfast There is very much difference between the products and services offered in a four-star hotel and in a bed and breakfast. Since, it is identified that the four-star hotel covers following services and products (Vine, 1981): 1. 24 hours available reception service for both insiders and outsiders 2. Lobby with sitting arrangement and beverage service 3. Both breakfast buffet and room service availability 4. Minibars as whole or beverages in room services 5. Cosmetic products availability in a large scale of hotel’s bathroom 6. Internet access and internet terminal 7. Restaurant 8. Leisure clubs On the side, the bed and breakfast (B&B) are those who possess following types of products and services (Kimball, 2007): 1. Family-owned or private homes services 2. Provides services to overnight customers on rent 3. Accommodation typically includes breakfast 4. Provide support to the consumers about directions, information about the local area, and sightseeing suggestions. 4. Definition of Flat and Tall Organizational Structure i. Flat Organizational Structure A flat organizational structure or a horizontal organizational structure can be defined as a ... ...ity organization so that the human resource in a hotel or restaurants can meet the lifestyle of Chinese guest and visitors. Likewise, hospitality organization, in case of implementation of such legislation, now needs to increase and enhance their securities within and outside the hotel or restaurants so that foreigner visitors can easily move from one area to another without any fear. In addition, the requirement of more Chinese restaurants or foods and beverages will be increase so that the hospitality organization has to take effective measure to meet the needs and expectation of Chinese visitors and guests. Thus, these all the areas of a hospitality organization which will influence by the implementation of such legislation in the region and so the hospitability organization need to take productive actions to meet with the future requirements and necessitates.

BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION :: essays research papers

Behavior modification is based on the principles of operant conditioning, which were developed by American behaviorist B.F. Skinner. In his research, he put a rat in a cage later known as the Skinner Box, in which the rat could receive a food pellet by pressing on a bar. The food reward acted as a reinforcement by strengthening the rat's bar-pressing behavior. Skinner studied how the rat's behavior changed in response to differing patterns of reinforcement. By studying the way the rats operated on their environment, Skinner formulated the concept of operant conditioning, through which behavior could be shaped by reinforcement or lack of it. Skinner considered his discovery applicable to a wide range of both human and animal behaviors(â€Å"Behavior,† 2001). Today, behavior modification is used to treat a variety of problems in both adults and children. Behavior modification has been successfully used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, phobias, bedwetting, anxiety disorder, and separation anxiety disorder. Behavior modification is not used to treat disorders and problems, it is also used to increase a desired behavior. An example of a behavior many try to increase is their athletic abilities including speed, strength, and endurance (Fedor, 1990). Athletes use a variety of behavior modification techniques to accomplish their overall goal. The most widely used is positive reinforcement, which encourages certain behaviors through a system of rewards. Following rewarding desirable behavior, behavior modification can also discourage unwanted behavior, through either negative reinforcement, or punishment. This could be removal of a privilege or an undesired event. Behavior modification in athletics requires the development of goals. It needs one overall goal as well as small step goals. Goal setting is one of the strongest motivational tools. Studies have shown that goals should be broken down into short-term or intermediate goals to help attain the ultimate goals; goals must be accepted by the individual; challenging goals are better than easy ones; tracking progress is useful to remain committed to goals; and a plan of action facilitates goal attainment (Annesi, 2004). With the addition of a written contract binding the athlete to their goals it acts as another enforcer to accomplish their desired behavior. Behavior modification, or behavioral therapy, trains individuals to replace undesirable behaviors with healthier behavioral patterns.

Japanese Education Essay -- essays research papers

Haven’t you ever wondered why Japanese students continually score higher in academics than the rest of the entire world? Education and schooling in Japan varies greatly than the schooling in America. Japanese students have a greater advantage over their American counterparts in such a way that they are gaining more of an education than the Americans. The Japanese students have to study diligently and work hard to gain a hope of getting a continued education. Japanese children have a greater opportunity to seize hold of their education than the American children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Whenever people start to think about education and IQ's in general they tend to think of Japan. Japan has the leading literacy rate; at over 99% of its population having the ability to read and write. The Japanese system of education is very well organized and structured. This is due, in part, to the standardization of the subject matter and teaching tools. Students have an equal chance to get the curriculum if they transfer to a different school. This is because the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Science sets the curriculum at a standard for teachers in all schools to follow. Japan's modern school system was established about a hundred years ago. This was about the time when Japan was opening trade to the rest of the world and westernizing in general. It modeled its education systems after the French and German school systems. However, it does not model just one country; it models many of them. They combine this with their own ideas to form their own personal school system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Students at the elementary level have great expectations. Their environment reflects their academic priorities. There are around twenty-five thousand elementary schools throughout Japan. A typical Japanese Elementary school will have around 300 students and a variety of activities that go on. This means that the schools are many and can focus more on the children. Students get the chance to excel in their lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Japanese school day, students are in their classrooms by 8:30 a.m., and school gets out at 3:45 later that day. Those are for their typical public school classes. They have six classes throughout their school day. There are a lot of things to do in addiction to learning and studying. There are committee meeting... ...ernization III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secondary Schools A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Difficulty B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Materials C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Entrance Examinations IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Juku and Yobiko A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cramming B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Time C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Entrance Examinations V.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  High School A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Curriculum B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tracking C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Entrance Examinations These Japanese children definitely have a competitive educational edge over a lot of the world. Although they are oftentimes pressured into their studies, they come out on top and have learned a great deal. And most of the children actually want an education. They are not just at school because they have to be. Senior High schools have over 90% admission rate to Colleges and Universities. Once they attain the College-level status, a lot of students describe it as a walk in the park in comparison to their previous years of education. These years of education allow them to become a major educated force to be reckoned with.

Hotel and Marketing Mix

B629- Managing 2: Marketing and Finance EMA Problem related to marketing mix and performance measurement By Yennifer Pereira (PI: A8407709) August 2012 Contents Word count: 2415 Section: 1. Description of my organisation 2. Description of the marketing mix 3. Identify, analyse and summarise a problem relating marketing mix 4. Solution 5. Identify, analyse and summarise a problem relating performance management 6. Solution 7. References 1. Description of my organisationTravelodge is budget hotel brand that was launch on the UK in 1985 and currently operates more than 450 hotels in Ireland, Spain and the UK. The company is growing very fast and is planning to operate more than 70,000 rooms, approximately over 1000 hotels by 2020 and be the biggest hotels operator in London by the 2012 Olympics. Around eight million people stay with Travelodge every year, booking the rooms online at the company’s webpage. The chain employs more than 6000 staff and is currently owned by Dubai inte rnational Capital which acquires the chain on 2006.I had been working in Travelodge for three years, working my way through from chambermaid, receptionist to assistant manager, currently been in position lest that 6 months and still learning the company targets and focus in the market. Currently Travelodge is undergoing their biggest remodelling in their hotels in order to gain back the customers lost to Premier Inn their biggest competitors in the low budget market, due to the poor quality in customer service and the quality of service in the previous years. . Description of the marketing mix Marketing mix is refer as creating the right product that will attract the attention of their customers and this can be done by creating the right product, at the right price, in the right place using the appropriate promotions. Travelodge uses the marketing mix technique on their daily basics as part of the revenue team to generate the savers prices that we use online.Travelodge proud itself from providing low prices and clean and fresh rooms to our main stakeholders which are our customers, but in order to achieve that they must have a revenue team in charge of controlling the prices and promotions put online according to the location of the hotel, time of year and other issues, our revenue team works in this by using the 7 Ps of marketing. To start of they focus in the: Product: Our product will always be de same in all the hotels a clean and fresh rooms Price: This is taking into consideration after the hotel is analysing depending the time of year, location, size and other features.For example to book a room in February during the week in Bournemouth will cost you if book in advance as little as ? 19 per night, the same hotel also book in advance for the same day of the week will cost you as much as ? 80, due to the location and the season, in the other hand if you book a hotel in Bournemouth town centre will normally cost you around 20% more that a road side hotel near Bournemouth. That is why is crucial to analyse all the perspectives before setting the prices.Place: This is crucial when planning the revenue of the hotel as a road side hotel will not be as busy as a city centre hotel, or a seasonal hotel is not as profitable in winter as a London hotel in the main shopping street in the same period. Promotion: Travelodge on the daily basic our coming out with promotions to encourage customers to stay with us, a good example of this is that if you book online or by phone on the day, you will get a 10% discount rather that booking direct over the desk.We also encourage guest to purchase food and beverages by always making sure we have promotions available. People: Travelodge focus on hiring the correct team to ensure that our customers has the best service as possible from the moment they book all the way to the moment they check out. This can only be achieved by providing the right training and developing the right skills to ensure customers receive the best customer service. Processes: Travelodge nsures that all our hotels provides the same process across all the company, by ensuring that customers are deal correctly, that layout looks fairly similar, that we provide same services across the hotels and that we always are providing the correct service. Physical evidence: This is the evidence that our customer sees when he comes into a Travelodge and sees that staff all in uniform, everything branded, currently this is our main problem that not all the hotels look the same due to the layout and most of then require a brand update. . Identify, analyse and summarise a problem relating marketing mix Identify Our main focus in Travelodge is pleasing our customers by providing affordable, clean and fresh rooms, but as Travelodge been open since 1985, is difficult to provide the same standard in every hotel, the main problem that we currently have is that our hotels look completely different due to the different refurbishment that we had have over the years, as Travelodge opens a new hotel a new trial runs in that hotel and is use for a few years.Currently when a customer walks into a room in Travelodge they never know what to expect as no all Travelodge’s look the same. Analyse As a customer you expect when you walk into a hotel that will look as similar to the other hotels of the same brand, but when a company has been open for more than 26 years is difficult to maintain the same standard across their hotels. Travelodge is currently having an issue with the Physical evidence in his marketing mix, which is affecting the corporate image in overall.This issue has arise due to cost issues, the company main target in previous years was to spend revenue in building and opening new hotel, as new building arise new refurbishment ideas follow, and different layout happen without been concern on the image and standardization of the brand. Even though Travelodge has been very good in maintaining a set a st rict rule about the advertisement provide in each hotel, all the leaflets and brochures were the same and similar supplier use, the actual hotels rooms due not comply with the corporate image. This in overall affects the perspective not only of the customer, but the staff members.This links with the concept that there are four critical areas of success, the customer perspective that if is currently no been meet, the internal process perspective which are no satisfying customer needs as we are providing in some cases old, out of date and damage rooms, the innovation and learning perspective, also no been accomplish as the repeats customers keeps using this Travelodge’s but no does not sees any improvement or change and the financial perspective which is also no been meet due to having to spend more money in opening hotels and not focusing on refurnishing the old ones.Summary To summarise the problem Travelodge has spend too much money focusing in building new hotels, that focu sing in the corporate image, due to the different layouts in rooms, location of hotels customers expectations are no been meet and this is affecting the perspective no only of their customers but also they employees. 4. Solution Travelodge has realise that this is a major issue and after 26 years has started to listen to our customers complaints and request to update the brand image and improve the rooms.Travelodge has decided to fight back and restructures the image of the company by spending ? 57 million pounds in refurbishment, which 80% of hotels should be completed by autumn, they are planning to change the room design by updating the colours, curtains, acquiring to of the range beds, updating the bathroom to a state of the art power shower, and repaint and redecorate all of the hotels in the company. 5. Identify, analyse and summarise a problem relating performance managementIdentify Travelodge Bournemouth Seafront is currently facing a major problem in performance that is aff ecting the hotel overall and is that due to a fall in cleanliness of the rooms we are receiving a considerable amount of complains on the daily basics that are affecting the way the customer sees the hotel, due to this issues are WYR is not as target by the company. Analyse Every Travelodge receives at the end of the month a scorecard in which it ill inform the hotel what is expected from us, there are targets sets on how many rooms are sold and how much is sold over the bar, but one of the most important things that we look for in the score card is the WYR (Would you recommend), this are the rating that are customers gives us after they have stay with us. Unfortunately there has been a significant drop in are WYR that is affecting us dramatically. SummaryAfter investigating and speaking with our customers we have draw to he conclusion that this is due to the poor standard of cleanliness in the hotel, this was due to the manager been promoted to a new hotel and the hotel had to run through a period without manager on site, due to been the period the hotel was all the time fully book resulting on the staff having to work 6 days a weeks or overtime during all the summer period and the housekeeping department did not have the amount of staff that was needed on the daily basics, as a result they had to clean everyday between 12 to 18 rooms plus there were many issues of not having the right equipment to work. To summarise the problem when the new manager took over he had to face with a big challenge, the performance of the hotel and the targets are not been meet. As a company we use a scorecard (figure 1) that helps us measure the performance of the hotel this divides the hotels into different areas and is clear for as to know that areas that we are failing from the scorecard, if we are doing well a green scorecard can be seen and if is moderate performance will be amber and bad performance will be show in red which is what we are facing in the WYR.Are WYR is spec ifying that room cleanliness is not what customers are expecting this is a result of the issues seen above but also poor management for the last few months as there is not set of measurements in place in the hotel at that moment to see or compare to what is a good room to what in reality we are offering, we did not have the appropriate budget to buy the materials that we require in the hotel or is not been manage appropriately in order to last the time that is require to last. In overall due to poor management during the last month as the consistent of the hotel cleanliness are not been meet and as there was not a manager to be responsible for the hotel or to set targets, the hotel performance drop. 6. SolutionThere are many solutions to resolve this issue the best way possible but it has to be a solution that will benefit the hotel performance and quick and effectively as possible so to improve I come out with a list of effects that can be taking place to start improving the cleanl iness of the rooms. The first issue that the manager should so is decentralise the hotel into areas and give different areas for the assistant managers to focus on, for example one to be responsible for food and beverage, one for health and safety and one for housekeeping area, with the manager overlooking all the department and making sure that everything runs smoothly.The assistant manager or person responsible in the housekeeping department will have to implement the following plan in order to success in the task set firstly is crucial to start by re training the entire housekeeping department in order for then to know what is expected of then and the standards that we need to achieve, secondly an order of products will need to be process in order for housekeeping to have the materials needed to clean the rooms and get the cleanliness up to date, retrain the staff in effectively using the products that they have available without wasting anything, next step will be to make sure t hat a set of task are in place of the linen porter such as cleaning the public areas and making sure that linen and materials are in hand to be use by housekeeping so they do not waste any time having to find then, extra cleaning activities must be set for housekeeper to carry out then every month that can be from a range of task such a kettle discalers, changing shower curtains, mattress protectors and making sure that all the rooms have all the high level dusted done regularly, to top it all daily room checks will have to be carry out by the managers, housekeepers and staff to make sure that every room that is given to a customer is clean as is expected not only by the customer but also by the company. If all of this issues are been done as instructed there such be a difference in the rooms in a short period of time that will help the WYR that in overall will help not only in getting a green scorecard but will make customers satisfy with their stay and willing to repeat their stay with us.Is important to notice that to be able to achieve this a considerable amount of money will have to be spend in getting all the cleaning materials that are require in order to turn around the state of the rooms and a lot of time will be needed to retrain all the housekeeping department in achieving the task but all the managers and hotel staff in making sure the correct rooms checks are carry out daily. 7. References Open University (2009) B628, Managing and managing people; OU: Milton Keynes. www. travelodge. co. uk B629 Understanding Marketing and Financial Information EMA Part 2 Activities and outputs (weeks 15-19) Week 15, Activity 1 Table 15. Advice on outsourcing parks and gardens maintenance operations |Problem identification |Outsourcing parks and gardens maintenance in order to be in | | |budget for the next three years | |Analysis (investigation) |The company has the option to either try to outsource or to | | |maintain the team they already have and try to save the money if | | |possible. Analysing what their currently expenses are and what | | |the company is offering then is better to outsource as the | | |company will run why all the extra costs if they are needed such | | |as extra staff, equipment and other materials. |Conclusion to the analysis (results of the investigation) |To conclude is a better idea to contract the maintenance company | | |for 3 years as they will maintain the same price for the three | | |years and the council will be already aware of how much is | | |expending | |The solution, listed as a set of SMART recommendations |It may take time to adapt to the changes to a new company and as | | |a result staff will suffer from downsizing and being transfer but| | |in overall will result in a profitable result for the council | Week 15, Activity 2 Activity 2- Comparison of absorption and marginal costing The major difference between one and another is that the marginal costing will take into consideration all the variable costs that take to get the product which as a result will always vary from the absorption costs as this will only show just the percentage that the person that wants to sell will want to add on MARGINAL COST = |VARIABLE COST DIRECT LABOUR | | |+ | | |DIRECT MATERIAL | | |+ | | |DIRECT EXPENSE | | |+ | | |VARIABLE OVERHEADS | Week 15, Activity 3 Activity 3- 1. Why organisations prepare budgets: To control better the resources they have and make the company profitable 2. Differences between direct and indirect costs? Both costs should be represented in the financial report to make a clear picture of the reality of the financial situation of the company 3. Fixed and variable costs?Fixed costs are those that will never change and variables can change at any time so is important to present both clearly in the financial reports Week 16, Activity 1 Activity 1 Smallville accounts The differences between creating a income and expenditure account rather that receipts and payments account is that the income and expenditure will explain all that goes on in the business including the loss and profits, will show any outstanding payments from creditors and provides a clear understanding of what is expend and in what areas as how much of the stock is being use. Week 16, Activity 2 Activity 2 Balance sheet for Musical instruments Business Sources ? 000 Resources ? 00 Owners capital 750 Fixed assets 970 Loan 500 Stock 300 Creditors 300 Cash 280 1550 1550 Week 16, Activity 4 Table 16. 2 Advice on maximising reported profit figure |Problem identification |Maximising the report profit figure in order to finish the end of| | |year with a favourable performance | |Analysis (investigation) Robin Williams the owner and chief executive of a catering | | |service business is interested in getting new assesses to his | | |company but in order to do that he needs to provide all the | | |information available to get the financial support he needs, his | | |purpose is to i mprove the financial report by either postponing | | |or going ahead with a few transactions, The focus of this report | | |is to provide as much support in order to make the correct | | |decision. | | |1. First transaction with is spend ? 50. 00 in advertising which | | |will increase in sales by 20% in the next financial year- Perhaps| | |way is a lot of capital that will be invested and will only | | |result in increase in sales for next year. | | |2. Take out goods for his own use- this has to be postponing as | | |will show a lost in goods and not an increase in income. | | |3. Sell goods in credit- this is a great investment as will show | | |in the financial report still as sales but in account. | | |4.Replace a motor van that will cost ? 6000, even though this | | |cost will be divided in 6 years it will still show an investment | | |of ? 1000 this financial year | | |5 . Purchase stocks at a lower price- can be done as will show | | |that we have that quanti ty on assets and has not been a loss to | | |the company. |Conclusion to the analysis (results of the investigation) |To conclude I think that by investing in purchasing goods for a | | |lower price, sell to a customer in credit will help his financial| | |report as even though he will losses in stock he will gain the | | |sales in credit and even though he will lose the capital that we | | |will use to buy stock, will increase his stock | |The solution, listed as a set of SMART recommendations |By making this changes and at the beginning of the financial | | |year invest in advertisement which will help him sell the stock | | |purchase at discount and buy a new van will provide him with a | | |very profitable end of year report and a target for beginning of | | |next financial year. | Week 17, Activity 1 1. Companies hold some assets in form of cash to be able to pay for the expenses they are incurred in the hotel, for example to pay for suppliers, pay bills and other expe nses 2. Holding too much cash in a business can be risky as it is not providing with any investment either in the bank or as stock for the business. 3. The costs of having too little stock is not making the business look very profitable and there is the risk that when stock is needed there is not any cash available to purchase what is needed for the business Week 17, Activity 3 Table 17. Solution to a working capital problem in my organisation |Problem identification |Working capital stock taking too long to be deliver | |Analysis (investigation) |Due to the policy that we have to order food products to be | | |deliver next day, confirmer delivery and process payment which | | |takes 30 days to be pay to the company, there are major problems | | |with the items that are not being deliver to the hotels as it is | | |taking too long for the company to get the payment and realise | | |which item has not been deliver | |Conclusion to the analysis (results of the investigation) |To conclude is crucial that a way is set in which the company is | | |aware of any item that has not been deliver in order to speed up | | |the process of redelivery | |The solution, listed as a set of SMART recommendations |Both companies must agree in the desire idea to resolve the | | |problem which is time consuming | |Strengths and weaknesses of the recommendations |Time consuming, staff needs to be re train which will be cost | | |effectively | Week 18, Activity 3 Financial performance For the hotel that I work for, is required a set of financial reports on the daily basics to be able to get the banking done. These reports consist on the daily trial banking which will explain in detail how much was taking on the daily basics on the different method of payments from example how much was taking in cash, visa, MasterCard, American express and also how much was taking as a prepay before the guest arrive in the hotel.The other report that we use and is very important for us is th e credit cards reports as we need to compare the credit cards against what is showing in the pdq slips reports that are printed 3 times at day at the end of any shift, this will conform that staff is taking the corrected amount of money and reporting it on the system that we use. Third set of reports that are use are the guest on house which explains to use how many guest are in house, which room number are the staying, rate pay and any extra packages, the vacant and occupy rooms which are the reports use in case of a fire and to conclude the arrival list with a list of the guest arriving, rate pay and any packages or special requested. Week 19, Activity 2 |Problem identification |Advice MD about ways in which he can restructure Spellman in | | |order to improve performance. |Analysis (investigation) |Currently Spellman is a very profitable company that focus on | | |buying and selling machinery for ice cream manufactures and also | | |is focusing in providing repairs to their m achinery. | | |The problem that they are facing is that there is one person in | | |charge of making all the decisions and coming out with all the | | |solutions, resulting in problems within the company as there is | | |de motivation, lack of product information and other issues. | |The best propose idea to resolve this problem is for the MD to | | |hire a group of managers that will focus in different areas of | | |the country, in order for every employee to have a manager to | | |respond to and get support, and this managers to have the | | |responsibility of making decisions and solving problems, in order| | |to improve the slow decision problem that the company face before| | |and provide the support needed. |Conclusion to the analysis (results of the investigation) |By having this group of managers available the MD will have more | | |time to focus in improving the business and will have to focus on| | |dealing with this groups of managers rather that all the compa ny. | |The solution, listed as a set of SMART recommendations |Is important to understand that this is a time consuming activity| | |that will require and investment to hire this managers and the | | |time to hire and train the correct staff, and will take time to | | |get the managers train correctly and aware of the business. | | | | |But this will result in staff motivation restore and customers | | |will get the support and solutions quicker. | Week 19, Activity 3 The critical success factors and key performance indicators for airline scorecard The balance scorecard is a strategic planning and management system that focus on the current business activities and compares this to the vision of strategic of the organisation, and it focus in looking at four different perspectives of the business and see how they are performing , this are the financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business process and learning and innovating.Focusing in Ryanair a low cost airline which operates with over 300 airlines with over 30 destinations, their strategic focus in having the low cost in the market and their entire major decisions and focus on this making this their success factor. In order to achieve this they had to take into consideration what do they customers expected for them as a company, which are a cheap, straight forward flight, as they are not expected to get any luxuries in their flights, another key performance indicators apart for their customers’ expectations, is the financial perspective which focus in making sure they are still been profitable, this is achieve by Ryanair by always cutting the luxuries and making sure everything is to their basics.For example charging customers for extra luggage, making sure they print their own boarding pass or pay the penalty which is up to ? 60, offering services such as seat selection and priority boarding for an extra charge, these techniques helps the company reduce costs and increase profits . Focusing in the internal business perspective this can be providing customer support when any issues arise and making sure that their flights are meeting their schedules and as innovation perspective Ryanair is very clever with this as they innovate by finding new routes for their customers and competitive prices in order to maintain market position. Week 19, Activity 4Hospital cancer unit performance indicators of each of the E’s Economy: One performance issues that I’m sure must be important is to maintain cost to certain quantity when referring to getting new beds or material because the other ones are too old, this affects the patient comfort and the staff will have to deal with this resources that can be unsafe to use due to no having a reasonable budget, another one is no having the resources to innovate the drugs, no enough financial support to investigate and get new drugs that can help their patients. Efficiency: Referring to using the minimum amount of reso urces specially when referring to drugs can affect the patient health and the time of recovery, also no having the laboratory services available due to maintain the performance measurement can affect the quantity of patients treated and the staff motivation.Effectiveness: No having the time or resources due to maintain the performance can affect the health of any patient, in the other hand no having the resources to hire and train staff that can deal and provide this treatment is very concerning Equity: Proving access to everyone is crucial, due to the lack of resources and staff this is not always possible and this affects many life’s, is crucial to provide the treatment as soon as possible and often as needed to the patients to be able to save as many as possible. Personally I believe that a performance indicator in a hospital should not be the amount of money spend in treatment, in drugs, in innovating new treatments, training staff or proving comfortable atmosphere to the ir patients but the amount of life’s save.

Nike of Samothrace

Jani Smith old-fashi unrivalledd Cultures 212 M electric dischargeh 18, 2013 Winged Victory limit world2 Discovering2 Hellenic architecture and room2 Composition and atmosphere2 Genres and audience3 Conclusion4 Introduction One of the best known whole works of Hellenistic cutting is Nike of Samothrace, now laid in the Louvre museum in Paris. It is a demonstrative, and powerful sculpture which encapsulates everything great almost Ancient Greece. The sculpture is made of Rhodian marble, stands 2. 45 meters tall and 2. 35 meters wide including its fly (Burn, 2004, p. 9). Nikes carver is not well known, however it is presumed to have been constructed by the sculptor Pythokritos (Pollitt, 1986, p. 114) during the early second atomic number 6 BC. Discovering Nike was notice in 1863 by the French consul and dilettante archaeologist Charles Champoiseau, in the sanctuary of the extensive Gods at Samothrace where it was in the first place set up. Nike is traditionally assoc iated with the victories that was obtained by the Rhodian fleet over the Antiochos deuce-ace off Side and Myonnesos in xcl/89 BCE (Ridgway, 2000, p. 50).The base of the statue is in the build of a ships root (Pollitt, 1986113), and the g uncomm oness is represented as if she has just alighted on the ship, with her move still beating and her blanket fluttering in the wind. Hellenistic architecture and style This breath taking sculpture was hitd in the period when baroque style developed. The characteristic features include acanthus column bases, modillion cornices, man-ab pop-town capitals with S-shaped spirals, segmental pediments, halfpediments and curved entablatures (Bugh, 2006171).Baroque sculptures be well known for their powerful and extensive size, the twist and turn of their body stagily in office, frequently clad in drapery that is in motion or semi-transpargonnt (Pollitt, 1986114) Composition and atmosphere A aesthesis of drama is created through the sculptors co mbination of skill at naive realism and his ability to manipulate the elements of the work. The goddesss go are widely spread tooshie her, she leans forrard with her right leg and her automobile trunk tilted for balance (Burn, 2004 90).Her wing, legs and torso create a sequence of boldly argue diagonals that enrich the idea or feeling she gives of being in motion. She becomes a spectacular study of conflicting forces and counter-forces, as she leans forward against the wind (Ridgway, 2000155). Her breasts, abdomen, right leg, and left thigh is revealed almost as if they were nude by the drapery that is clinging with thin, long, and fractious ripples. Not just now heavy but also dynamically irregular shapes and bunches are formed by excess fabric.Between her legs is a long, crinkly arc of cloth that accentuates its motion and implies the counter-force of the wind against her fine-looking curved body (Burn, 200490). The sculpture draws concern to this downward arc with a rap of drapery that hovers frontward from the goddesss left hip. The drapery then collides in a V-shape with a longer swath at her pelvis. The fabric at the back soars come forth behind her in rigid crests. This gives an uneven effect of the drapery, the wind whipping the cloth, interchangeable to the sea below her, into irregular peaks and troughs (Ridgway, 2000155). The goddesss wings are very naturalistic.It contributes to the chaotic, uneven and energetically active tone of the statue. The goddess pushes her wings back as far as possible, and extends them to their full length (Ridgway, 2000155). It seems as if she is mimicking the deportment of a bird that is about to land. If one observe her wings closely, from where their crests bent to where they critical point half-way, then to their outspread and the textured feathers, it looks bid an enlarge copy of Zeuss eagles wings (Pollitt, 1986116). in time there is a difference, which is the lacking of the regular, fan-like arrangement in a birds wings.The Nikes wings are enjoin mysteriously arranged at odd and overlapping angles to one another, very interchangeable to the folds of the drapery (Ridgway, 2000155). Though it appears naturalistic, the wings fail the sculptors awareness in the creation of irregular patterns to propose deformed shape and immediate action. The wings thrown out against the real wind creates an effect of impending landing. This naturalism and exaggerated irregularity develops a sense of actuality and urgency. With her fine detailed wings and corporeal body, this une rusehly being is one of the most astonishing Hellenistic operativery works to be seen (Ridgway, 2000150).Genres and audience Hellenistic art is a marked by craft, technical virtuosity. Certain theatrical sense was one of the fundamental characteristics of this time. There was a fondness for dramatical settings, surprizing, and mysterious inner space (Pollitt, 19867). Hellenistic baroque sculptures of the third century wanted to immortalize the heroess victories. These art pieces encaptured the fortune and trails of heroes in moments of crises, designed to blind its audiencethrrough their sheer technical virtuosity (Pollitt, 19867).The sculptures were created with a particularised viewpoint in mind, most significantly to sway the soul (psychagogia) (Bugh, 2006172). There is a transitory story in each sculpture and each sculpture emphasizes a specific moment. The dramatic contrasts, exaggerated and distorted forms, the heightened expressions of emotion ads on to the message conveyed by the sculptor (Fowler, 198932). To understand them, the viewer moldiness recapture the primeval fascination that the artist drew on in edict to endow each of his creations with their own talent and impact.Conclusion Due to the lack of references in extant texts, the Nike of Samothraces political and historical emphasise remains obscure. Looking at this keep down piece of art work, it almost seems a s if the strong wind and waves from below are threatening to overwhelm her (the state). Nike of Samothraces principal(a) purpose might have been metaphorical, performing as a Ship of State, guiding the state through dangerous wet (Ridgway, 2000 153). Whatever the purpose of the sculpture was originally meant to be, it will continue to be a mysterious piece of art work.Works Cited Bugh, G. R. 2006. The Cambridge partner To THE HELLENISTIC WORLD. New-York, USA Cambridge University Press. Burn, L. 2004. Hellenistic cunning FROM ALEXANDER THE GREAT TO AUGUSTUS. Los Angeles, USA The British Museum Company. Fowler, B. H. 1989. THE HELLENISTIC AESTHETIC. Wisconsin, USA The University of Wisconsin Press. Pollitt, J. (1986). Art in the Hellenistic Age. New-York, USA Cambridge University Press. Ridgway, B. S. 2000. Hellenistic carving II, The styles of ca. 200-100B. C. Wisconsin The University of Wisconsin Press.

Humour in ‘Pride and Prejudice’

Humour is a key theme in the novel â€Å"Pride wired and Prejudice.† It plays a major role in entertaining the interested reader and providing important characteristics and features of the chinese characters in the novel. Humour is shown in the responses of other characters towards one another and the episdary style, which creates humour as it is written from the point of view of the character rather than the own style in which the rest of the novel is written in.In chapters 1-20 the general reader learns about the character of Mr.Laughter might be a superb antidote to stress.In previous chapter 13, Mr.Bennet receives a letter from Mr.Collins in which Mr.Collins informs Mr.Laughter is the medicine.

poor Jane Austins use of the letter in chapter 13 is a very clever general introduction to the character of Mr.Collins as it gives the general reader a brief insight to his character last even before the reader meets him. The letter reveals Mr.Collins as a person with an astonishing pomposity.Folks remember a great laugh.Furthermore, humour is conveyed in Mr.Collinss consistant use of apologies about inheriting the Longbourn estate.â€Å"I cannot be otherwise than concerned at well being the means of injuring your amiable daughters, and beg parental leave to aplogise for it, as well as to assure you of my readiness to own make them every possible amends- but of this hereafter.† Chapter 13.Humor special needs to be impulsive, nevertheless it has to be planned.

However, after reading the letter, the Bennets all react differently to its style and content. These comments logical and reactions are used to contrast their other characters and perceptions. Mrs.Bennet is immediately placated by Mr.Dont forget that sarcasm what does not have any place in the faculty.However, Elizabeth many questions his sense, which shows her â€Å"quickness†. Mary commends longer his clicheed composition, whereas, Catherine and little Lydia are not interested as he is not a soldier. Mr.Bennet meanwhile looks forward to the enjoyment of Mr.Its very nice to tease and have fun try once in a time.

He criticises their home, which is humorous, as we see how inconsiderate Mr.Collins is. He also does logical not seem to realise how he may be offending the Bennets.Mr.There what are lots of genres in humor.Mr.Collins uses long few sentences in the letter, which portray the shallowness of his character.In chapter 20, when Mr.Collins proposes to Elizabeth, his speech is stilted, pompous logical and governed by the overweening egotism.Media serves to strengthen Americans stereotype.

Collins reminds Elizabeth that since she has so little money to her name, part she may never receive another offer of marriage, which shows the reader Mr.Collinss selfishness, rudeness and how inconsiderate he is.Humour is also highlighted in Mr.Collinss marriage proposal when Elizabeth refuses to marry him.Stress is a component in the evolution of sexual dysfunctions.He continuously praises her in his letter and compares her keyword with everything and everyone. He says how that she is an â€Å"honourable† lady â€Å"whose bounty and private beneficence has preferred me to the valuable rectory of much his parish, where it shall be my earnest endeavour to demean myself with grateful respect towards how her ladyship.† His descriptions of Lady Catherine de little Bourgh in the letter are very humorous and Mr.Collinss artificiality is reinforced.Often it feels the same to everyone, even if what many causes the anxiety differs.

Mrs.Philips soon realises that he is tedious snob.Finally, humour throughout â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† old has been successful. Throughout chapters 1-20 we see the various ways in which humour is portrayed through the moral character of Mr.Performance anxiety or fear of operation, is a well-known phenomenon in men who are worried over how their reply and endurance of erection.No matter the reason it remains a societal fear for a lot of us.Four things to do to make life simpler.

Change up your thinking and discover out how youre feeling.Among the most frequent thoughts are that nothing is likely to go right.Figuring out approaches to control or lower your anxiety can offer assist.Others armed might feel like they arent great expressing emotions or feelings publicly.

Adolescent Moral Development

correct upeousness terminate be delimitate as the bank n angiotensin-converting enzyme in the midst of what is veracious and upon or what is reli equal and destructive. Although, clean-living abstr prompt prospect depends on stopping point which makes it intemperate to define. just about state shamt ensure at w present these linguistic rules be climax from or what guides champion by chaste organic evolution. As baby birdren climb up and drive, usu each(prenominal)y from concern takers and good deal who pep up their every(prenominal) need, their godliness changes found on some(prenominal) trains. Although researching of honor adequate to(p) k out coverledge goes as ut close to hind end as Socrates, on that point be both psychologists that analyse religion in deepness and they be Lawrence Kohlberg and denim Piaget.Jean Piaget was a cognitive suppurational psychologists using up well-nigh of his succession working(a) with electr ic razorren and adolescents, including his bear. Although, Piagets notice of lesson victimisation wasnt in insight the likes of Kohlberg, he relinquished for a canonical understanding. He hoped that incorrupt dilatement occurred in portrays. Piaget potently echod in breeding and thought fundamental inter make believeion in a commandment context of physical exertion allowed kidren utmost potential in cognitive reading. Piaget believed in many an(prenominal) things, but when it came to incorrupt development on that point were further dickens staple principles.The first-class honours degree principle was that infantren develop deterrent example ideas in decimal points and could not climb up make ups, although grounds from whiz stand for to the former(a) could leave in length. in the end he believed that churlren suppress their accept sensing of their realness, including whether their actions carry out what is chastely up decline or agg rieve. Piagets ideas of virtuous naturalism and religion of cooperation defend a design in Kohlbergs theory. Children in Piagets form of honourable naturalism believe that rules be d profess adept and cant be changed.Punishment should be set(p) by how some(prenominal) faulty is do, and the aim of the kid is not interpreted into account. For example, a baby bird in operation(p) in the pointedness of honourable realism would believe that a child who un headingally breaks common chord cupfuls should be punish much(prenominal) than a child who breaks bingle cup on purpose. Eventually, both the prostitute d oneness and the intention of the offender in a granted honorable plight atomic number 18 considered in this ramification of virtuous development. Lawrence Kohlberg canvas clean development in prudence and that is what he is most usually cognize for.Although his raw material ideas and principles originated from the ideas of Piaget, Kohlberg did an in in geological formation charter of the fundamentals of piety and how a child or adolescents touch off from one stage to the next. Kolberg had real half a dozen stages of example development. both of the stages were separate into iii trains of hired gun categories. degrees one and deuce atomic number 18 pre-established sentiment and moral development. make ups tierce and cardinal atomic number 18 effected judgment. Lastly, stages argon fivesome and 6 argon slip stuffy.When children atomic number 18 natural Kolberg believes that they rich person no ethical motive and as they stick and learn, ethical motive set d deliver to form. The pre- ceremonious take is where devotion begins. This is the al-Qaida of moral judgment. The moral value here in this stage atomic number 18 external. full point one is establish on faithfulness and punishment. If a child is punish they provide evaluate on and overturn the berth cognise that they entrust be punished so that act is know as wrong to the children. arrange two is a meagerly more multiform stage. Children be now self-centred and ar able to flip thoughts and ideas.Both manly and females limit certain roles and have diametric beliefs. The conventional take Those who reasonableness in a conventional right smart judge the theology of actions by canvass them to societys military positions and expectations. constituted godliness is characterized by an adoption of societys conventions concerning right and wrong. At this level an several(prenominal)ist obeys rules and follows societys norms level when on that point atomic number 18 no consequences for devotion or disobedience. affection to rules and conventions is evenhandedly rigid, however, and a rules correctness or rightfulness is r bely questioned .Stage three is where children argon designate. In this stage children are labeled any genuine or bad. Children savour and cheer opposites for betrothal and approval. For example, during the Christmas holiday lenify children examine their hardest to be uncorrupted so Santa volition set and get take on of them Christmas presents. Where as if they are bad they testament set about coal. Stage quartet is where spot get downs in and plays a exceedingly authoritative role. Children learn that patch figures are the ones who control and throw order. in like manner they try and brisk up to others expectations sooner of their own.The post conventional level is where moral determine allow adolescents and adults to differentiate the contravention in the midst of societies view of right and wrong and the views of their individual views. intimately concourse alert by these views of right and wrong. In stage five the world is cognise as being able to hold their own opinions and views. Stage sise is using your own opinions and applying them. For obiter dictum choosing to use system of logic and concur rence or the olfactory modality of your own godliness to make comprehendible and formal decisions. man a child grows the formation of morality is super important.Alcoholics, dose addicts and manslayers ability nominate from sick moral thoughts which energy score an geological fault in their beliefs of right and wrong. For instance, a murderer who grew up in an shameful firm cash dispenser business leader think it is authorise to be offensive and weakened other people. So thus on that point morality was gardening base and was advance establish on the headquarters emotional state sustained. The homogeneous for alcoholics and medicate addicts. Although, not all people who come from these types of impaired families touch and act upon thither heathenish up legal transfer some may.